Natural deep eutectic solvents pretreatment as an aid for pectin extraction from apple pomace

Three natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES; choline chloride (CC): lactic acid (LA), CC: oxalic (OA), urea (U)) in the ratio 1:2 were tested as a pretreatment of apple pomace prior to hot water extraction pectin. The duration and temperature (for 0.5–2h, at 40–80 °C) was adjusted limit cell wall polysaccharides losses degradation. Extraction yields sugar composition used evaluate impact on pectin molecular weight degree esterification characterized. Results showed that CC:LA CC:U pretreatments led close overall recovery with control using instead NADES. Instead, CC:OA degradation loss. monosaccharides affected after 60 °C above, while it preserved by 40 for 1h. Moreover, facilitated large amount (33.1%–56.1% uronic recovery) high Mw HM comparable obtained through classical method. saponification introducing choline. Thus, followed offers “green” alternative mineral allows functionalizing extraction.